To operate properly the typical heat exchanger requires the high velocity flow, to slow down and uniformly distribute itself across its inlet. To achieve maximum pressure head recovery, (at the expense of plant size), the magic angle of 15 degrees between the two pipe diameter expansions cannot be exceeded, otherwise separated flow, with a jet-like velocity profile, and excessive head-loss will result.

The LAD® , while maintaining maximum pressure recovery and a uniform exit profile, can shorten the diffuser length and save up to 80% in space. The LAD® can be used with ducting and non-axial diffusers also. A typical illustration can be seen in Figure 2 above.